The Future Development Tendency of the International Financial Law from the Perspective of Financial Crisis

The global financial crisis triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in America made a severe impact on the economies of the whole world including China. The paper analyzes the causes of the crisis, pointing out the deficiencies and insufficiency of the international laws today and offering constructive suggestions to its future development. The analysis of the causes of the crisis and the review of the neglects of the international financial laws in the paper are aimed to offer some suggestions to the reform and improvement of the international financial system in the future. Keywords: Financial crisis; international financial law; deficiency; tendency Résumé: La crise financière mondiale déclenchée par la crise des subprimes aux Etats-Unis a eu un impact sévère sur les économies du monde entier y compris la Chine. L'article analyse les causes de la crise, en soulignant les déficits et les insuffisance de la législation internationale actuelle et offre des suggestions constructives pour son développement futur. L'analyse des causes de la crise et la révision du manquement d'intérêt des lois financières internationales dans cet article ont pour but d'offrir quelques suggestions pour la réforme et l'amélioration du système financier international dans l'avenir.Mots-clés: crise financière; lois financières internationals; deficits; tendanc

Observation of electric current induced by optically injected spin current

A normally incident light of linear polarization injects a pure spin current in a strip of 2-dimensional electron gas with spin-orbit coupling. We report observation of an electric current with a butterfly-like pattern induced by such a light shed on the vicinity of a crossbar shaped InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well. Its light polarization dependence is the same as that of the spin current. We attribute the observed electric current to be converted from the optically injected spin current caused by scatterings near the crossing. Our observation provides a realistic technique to detect spin currents, and opens a new route to study the spin-related science and engineering in semiconductors.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

The Interaction of TPH1 A779C Polymorphism and Maternal Authoritarianism on Creative Potential

Exploring the possible mechanisms through which gene may interact with environment to influence creativity has been one of the leading issues in creativity research. In a sample of four hundred and twenty-one Chinese undergraduate students, the present study investigated for the first time the interaction of TPH1 A779C polymorphism and maternal parenting styles on creative potential. The results showed that there was a significant interaction of TPH1 A779C polymorphism and maternal authoritarianism on creative potential. Moreover, the analysis of regions of significance (Ros) provided supporting evidences for both the diathesis-stress model (flexibility) and the differential susceptibility model (originality). These findings extend our understanding concerning the mechanisms by which gene and environment may act in coordination to contribute to creativity

Metagenomic Insights Into the Cycling of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate and Related Molecules in the Eastern China Marginal Seas

The microbial cycling of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its gaseous catabolites dimethylsulfide (DMS) and methanethiol (MeSH) are important processes in the global sulfur cycle, marine microbial food webs, signaling pathways, atmospheric chemistry, and potentially climate regulation. Many functional genes have been identified and used to study the genetic potential of microbes to produce and catabolize these organosulfur compounds in different marine environments. Here, we sampled seawater, marine sediment and hydrothermal sediment, and polymetallic sulfide in the eastern Chinese marginal seas and analyzed their microbial communities for the genetic potential to cycle DMSP, DMS, and MeSH using metagenomics. DMSP was abundant in all sediment samples, but was fivefold less prominent in those from hydrothermal samples. Indeed, Yellow Sea (YS) sediment samples had DMSP concentrations two orders of magnitude higher than in surface water samples. Bacterial genetic potential to synthesize DMSP (mainly in Rhodobacteraceae bacteria) was far higher than for phytoplankton in all samples, but particularly in the sediment where no algal DMSP synthesis genes were detected. Thus, we propose bacteria as important DMSP producers in these marine sediments. DMSP catabolic pathways mediated by the DMSP lyase DddP (prominent in Pseudomonas and Mesorhizobium bacteria) and DMSP demethylase DmdA enzymes (prominent in Rhodobacteraceae bacteria) and MddA-mediated MeSH S-methylation were very abundant in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea sediments (BYSS) samples. In contrast, the genetic potential for DMSP degradation was very low in the hydrothermal sediment samples—dddP was the only catabolic gene detected and in only one sample. However, the potential for DMS production from MeSH (mddA) and DMS oxidation (dmoA and ddhA) was relatively abundant. This metagenomics study does not provide conclusive evidence for DMSP cycling; however, it does highlight the potential importance of bacteria in the synthesis and catabolism of DMSP and related compounds in diverse sediment environments

Magnetic and transport properties of n-type Fe-doped In2O3 ferromagnetic thin films

Room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in n-type Fe-doped In2O3 thin films deposited on c-cut sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Structure, magnetism, composition, and transport studies indicated that Fe occupied the In sites of the In2O3 lattice rather than formed any metallic Fe or other magnetic impurity phases. Magnetic moments of films were proved to be intrinsic and showed to have a strong dependence on the carrier densities which depended on the Fe concentration and its valance state as well as oxygen pressure.Comment: Accepted in Applied Physics Letter